Global well-posedness for the KP-I equation on the background of a non localized solution

We prove that the Cauchy problem for the KP-I equation is globally well-posed for initial data which are localized perturbations (of arbitrary size) of a non-localized (i.e. not decaying in all directions) traveling wave solution (e.g. the KdV line solitary wave or the Zaitsev solitary waves which are localized in $x$ and $y$ periodic or conversely)

The phase shift of line solitons for the KP-II equation

The KP-II equation was derived by [B. B. Kadomtsev and V. I. Petviashvili,Sov. Phys. Dokl. vol.15 (1970), 539-541] to explain stability of line solitary waves of shallow water. Stability of line solitons has been proved by [T. Mizumachi, Mem. of vol. 238 (2015), no.1125] and [T. Mizumachi, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A. vol.148 (2018), 149--198]. It turns out the local phase shift of modulating line solitons are not uniform in the transverse direction. In this paper, we obtain the $L^\infty$-bound for the local phase shift of modulating line solitons for polynomially localized perturbations

Fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante en hojas de dos especies colombianas del género Meriania (melastomataceae)

Se estudiaron las hojas de las especies Merianiaspeciosa y Meriania nobilis, obteniendoextractos de diferente polaridad, a los que seles realizaron diversas pruebas cualitativas. Sedeterminó el contenido de fenoles totales y seevaluó la actividad captadora de radicales conDPPH (FRS50: capacidad captadora de radicalesque reduce en un 50% al radical DPPH)en microplacas de 96 pozos. Este estudiodeterminó que las dos especies presentan unabuena actividad antioxidante. Los extractosque mayor actividad antioxidante mostraronfueron: butanol con FRS50 de 7,6 ± 0,8 y 23,4± 2,4; acuoso con FRS50 de 28,5 ± 2,9 y 63,0± 2,6 y hexano 2 con FRS50 de 17,0 ± 2,6 y18,2 ± 2,5 mg/L, para las especies M. speciosay M. nobilis respectivamente. Los extractosque presentaron un alto contenido de fenolestotales fueron: metanol 2 con valor de 0,47 ±0,06 y 0,40 ± 0,03 mg equivalentes de ácidogálico (EAG)/g extracto seco (ES) y el extractoacuoso: 0,16 ± 0,06 y 0,12 ± 0,03 mg EAG/gES para las especies M. speciosa y M. nobilisrespectivamente. El extracto butanólico de laespecie M. speciosa mostró la mayor actividadantioxidante con un FRS50 de 7,6 mg/L ± 0,8,este valor es comparable con el valor halladopara la quercetina FRS50: 4,2 mg/L ± 0,4, loque indica que este extracto es promisorioen el contenido de metabolitos secundariosque exhiben actividad antioxidante y parala fabricación de productos agroquímicos,cosméticos y farmacéuticos

Actividad alelopática de algunas especies de los géneros miconia, tibouchina, henriettella, tococa, aciotis y bellucia (melastomataceae)

Catorce extractos polares de especies de Miconia, Tibouchina, Henriettella, Tococa, Aciotis y Bellucia (melastomataceaes) fueron evaluados por su actividad alelopática frente a semillas de Lycopersicum esculentum L. Extractos en AcEtO de M. coronata y n-BuOH de M. aeruginosa fueron promisorios en rendimiento y porcentaje de inhibición sobre hipocótilo -24,92 por ciento y -91.16 por ciento, respectivamente. Las fracciones de M. coronata y M. aeruginosa presentaron mayor inhibición sobre hipocótilo 80 a 90 por ciento y 50 a 80 por ciento. La fracción BF-8D de M. aeruginosa presentó inhibición sobre hipocótilo entre el 50 y 55 por ciento, se aisló un compuesto siendo aislado determinada su estructura

Actividad alelopática de algunas especies de los géneros miconia, tibouchina, henriettella, tococa, aciotis y bellucia (melastomataceae)

Catorce extractos polares de especies de Miconia, Tibouchina, Henriettella, Tococa, Aciotis y Bellucia (melastomataceaes) fueron evaluados por su actividad alelopática frente a semillas de Lycopersicum esculentum L. Extractos en AcEtO de M. coronata y n-BuOH de M. aeruginosa fueron promisorios en rendimiento y porcentaje de inhibición sobre hipocótilo -24,92 por ciento y -91.16 por ciento, respectivamente. Las fracciones de M. coronata y M. aeruginosa presentaron mayor inhibición sobre hipocótilo 80 a 90 por ciento y 50 a 80 por ciento. La fracción BF-8D de M. aeruginosa presentó inhibición sobre hipocótilo entre el 50 y 55 por ciento, se aisló un compuesto siendo aislado determinada su estructura

Actividad alelopática de algunas especies de los géneros miconia, tibouchina, henriettella, tococa, aciotis y bellucia (melastomataceae)

Catorce extractos polares de especies de Miconia, Tibouchina, Henriettella, Tococa, Aciotis y Bellucia (melastomataceaes) fueron evaluados por su actividad alelopática frente a semillas de Lycopersicum esculentum L. Extractos en AcEtO de M. coronata y n-BuOH de M. aeruginosa fueron promisorios en rendimiento y porcentaje de inhibición sobre hipocótilo -24,92 por ciento y -91.16 por ciento, respectivamente. Las fracciones de M. coronata y M. aeruginosa presentaron mayor inhibición sobre hipocótilo 80 a 90 por ciento y 50 a 80 por ciento. La fracción BF-8D de M. aeruginosa presentó inhibición sobre hipocótilo entre el 50 y 55 por ciento, se aisló un compuesto siendo aislado determinada su estructura

Global genomic analyses of wheat powdery mildew reveal association of pathogen spread with historical human migration and trade

The fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici causes wheat powdery mildew disease. Here, we study its spread and evolution by analyzing a global sample of 172 mildew genomes. Our analyses show that B.g. tritici emerged in the Fertile Crescent during wheat domestication. After it spread throughout Eurasia, colonization brought it to America, where it hybridized with unknown grass mildew species. Recent trade brought USA strains to Japan, and European strains to China. In both places, they hybridized with local ancestral strains. Thus, although mildew spreads by wind regionally, our results indicate that humans drove its global spread throughout history and that mildew rapidly evolved through hybridization

Induced resistance to Fusarium wilt of banana caused by Tropical Race 4 in Cavendish cv Grand Naine bananas after challenging with avirulent Fusarium spp

In the last century, Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB) destroyed the banana cultivar Gros Michel. The Cavendish cultivars saved the global banana industry, and currently they dominate global production (~50%) and the export trade (~95%). However, a new strain called Tropical Race 4 (TR4) surfaced in the late 1960's, spread globally and greatly damages Cavendish plantations as well as manifold local varieties that are primarily grown by small holders. Presently, there is no commercially available replacement for Cavendish and hence control strategies must be developed and implemented to manage FWB. Here, we studied whether it is possible to induce resistance to TR4 by pre-inoculations with different Fusarium spp. Only pre-treatments with an avirulent Race 1 strain significantly reduced disease development of TR4 in a Cavendish genotype and this effect was stable at various nutritional and pH conditions. We then used transcriptome analysis to study the molecular basis of this response. Several genes involved in plant defence responses were up-regulated during the initial stages of individual infections with TR4 and Race 1, as well as in combined treatments. In addition, a number of genes in the ethylene and jasmonate response pathways as well as several gibberellin synthesis associated genes were induced. We observed upregulation of RGA2 like genes in all treatments. Hence, RGA2 could be a key factor involved in both R1 and TR4 resistance. The data support the hypothesis that activating resistance to Race 1 in Cavendish bananas affects TR4 development and provide a first insight of gene expression during the interaction between various Fusarium spp. and banana

An Indo-Pacific coral spawning database.

The discovery of multi-species synchronous spawning of scleractinian corals on the Great Barrier Reef in the 1980s stimulated an extraordinary effort to document spawning times in other parts of the globe. Unfortunately, most of these data remain unpublished which limits our understanding of regional and global reproductive patterns. The Coral Spawning Database (CSD) collates much of these disparate data into a single place. The CSD includes 6178 observations (3085 of which were unpublished) of the time or day of spawning for over 300 scleractinian species in 61 genera from 101 sites in the Indo-Pacific. The goal of the CSD is to provide open access to coral spawning data to accelerate our understanding of coral reproductive biology and to provide a baseline against which to evaluate any future changes in reproductive phenology